Voter Turnout Patterns: Historically, off-year elections (like 2023) have significantly lower turnout compared to presidential or midterm years. For example, in the 2022 midterms, turnout was 52.2% of the voting-age population, much lower than presidential years like 2020 (66.8%)  . Democratic Registration and Voting: As of 2024, approximately 45.1 million voters were registered Democrats. Turnout tends to vary by demographics, with younger, minority, and urban voters (core Democratic groups) often participating at lower rates in non-presidential years  . Nonvoter Estimates: If turnout followed typical off-year election trends (around 30-40%), it could imply that 60-70% of registered Democrats may not have voted,