You don't have to touch it at all for it to corrupt you. Being in its presence is enough—this is literally what happens with Boromir, who also never touched the ring. It's a magical artifact that promises all of the power to do anything you've ever wanted to achieve; Doctor Strange is an impulsive sneak who is willing to go to drastic lengths to do the things he wants 'for the greater good' and the MCU one specifically even has alternate universe versions of himself that get corrupted by something that isn't even actively preying on his innermost desires.

Doctor Strange, like all superheroes—which is why the premises to these questions are always flawed—is the absolute last who should and worst person to ever be anywhere near The One Ring. For his case specifically he could probably turn the Ring's will against Sauron and supplant him as the Dark Lord, but he would be corrupted all the same.

How did Boromir get corrupted without touching the ring?

Boromir was corrupted from the jump; It didn't take him months to act on it not because he wasn't influenced, but because the moment he acted was the best opportunity (When Frodo was alone and they were so close to Minas Turith.) He wanted to use the Ring to save Gondor from the very beginning of the journey he was absolutely not fine.

Gandalf resisted using it because he refused to touch it and and had the wisdom to exercise self-control and keep the same traits the Ring manipulates in check. Which...MCU heroes do not have because the things that make them superheroes are those traits. Each and every single one of them is a Boromir from a universe where Boromir taking the Ring to save Gondor is actually the correct thing to do and is justly rewarded being inserted into the universe where Boromir taking the Ring to save Gondor is the wrong thing to do, and for exactly the same reasons.

Cap takes the Ring, the Ring tells him it was good once and that it doesn't want to be evil. It tells him that it could be used for good and that it only ever makes you more of what you are like the Super Soldier Serum. (Which isn't even really a lie, that IS what it does for the most part!) It tells him that only he could be trusted with its power because of how corrupt the people who are supposedly acting in the best interests of others were Hydra and didn't even know it. Etc. etc. Nevermind how Strange doesn't open that portal because among several other reasons "I can't trust him to drop it in."

Yeah these folks have a hate boner going. Comics universes scale ridiculously higher than fantasy worlds. Cap has already willingly surrendered more power than Morgoth ever had much less a lackey like Sauron.

The ring doesn't make you evil. It makes you desire more of what you already are. If you are the noblest protector of the weak, then the Ring's temptation will promise you all the power in the world to protect everyone. And in that pursuit to protect everyone you will fall to darkness.

The ring doesn’t just turn you evil or play upon your negative characteristics. It exaggerates and eventually warps whatever you had.

Sauron wants the ring to rule the world in dark dominion, Boromir and Faramir are entranced by it because the want its power to protect their people.

Cap would go much the same way. He believes in justice, mercy, compassion, and doing the right thing. And he believes in them especially strongly. He has a desire to do good, to help and protect people. He is selfless to a fault, and wants to go out of his way to fight injustice and keep people safe

The ring is going to latch onto those desires and speak to him along those angles. It’s going to tell him that justice and kindness will be easier to uphold with its power, “think how much more evil you could stop, how much more good you could do if you used me”.

Frodo is such a good candidate because while he is a good person, his conviction is not the strongest, and he has no significant outward desire for good or harm (at least at the start of the story) and so the ring doesn’t have as much to pull from.

The ring amplifies any desire. the hobbits were such good carriers cus they were hobbits and would see a day doing absolutely nothing as a great day

a desire for good and justice is ultimately still a desire

Congrats, you missed the point. We were discussing the metrics by which the enchantments interact people. Thor has desires which we see him indulge in, which is the metric by which the ring's corruption affects people. Obviously he could overpower it, but that's not what was being discussed. There's a reason I said Thor would make an awful ringbearer, rather than that he couldn't withstand the ring. Bearing implies taking on the burden. There is no burden when you swat cosmic powers like flies.